Insulin resistance is a condition that can have negative effects on fertility and is often found in individuals with PCOS. To diagnose insulin resistance, fasting insulin and glucose levels are measured, which are used to calculate a HOMA-IR score. Additionally, a 2 or 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test may be conducted for a more detailed assessment of how the body is responding to carbohydrates. Testing for insulin resistance also includes measuring a marker called CRP, which is an indicator of inflammation in the body. Inflammation can negatively affect egg and sperm quality, and insulin resistance can make it difficult to lose weight. Symptoms of insulin resistance include acne, hair loss, heavy periods, fibroids, and more. Insulin levels can also impact several hormones related to fertility, including testosterone, DHT, estrogen, cholesterol, and inflammation.
There are various factors that can contribute to high insulin levels, including diet, genetics, gut microbiome, liver health, stress, and sleep. To regulate insulin levels, dietary and lifestyle changes can be made, such as incorporating fiber into the diet. Aim to consume 25-35 grams of fiber per day from whole foods or supplements like inulin or psyllium husk. Polyphenols, which are found in fruits, vegetables, and herbs, can also be beneficial for individuals with PCOS. These compounds have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and can alter gut bacteria populations. Foods high in polyphenols include black elderberry, blueberry, hazelnut, coffee, and more. Research has shown that consuming around 2.5 cups of these foods per day can be beneficial for individuals with PCOS.
